Maslow’s Hierarchy for Miners
Herzberg’s Two-Factor Theory
McGregor’s Theory X & Y
Q1. According to Maslow, which need is most basic for miners?
A. Esteem
B. Self-actualization
C. Safety
D. Physiological
E. Social
Answer: D
Solution: Basic survival needs like food, water, and rest are physiological.
Q2. In Maslow’s theory, “accident-free workplace” in mining satisfies:
A. Social needs
B. Safety needs
C. Esteem needs
D. Physiological needs
E. Motivational needs
Answer: B
Solution: Safety needs cover accident prevention and secure environment.
Q3. Welfare clubs and union support for miners represent:
A. Esteem
B. Social
C. Hygiene
D. Self-actualization
E. Physiological
Answer: B
Solution: Belongingness and social interaction fall under social needs.
Q4. Recognition of safe production achievement is part of:
A. Esteem needs
B. Physiological needs
C. Hygiene factors
D. Safety needs
E. Theory X
Answer: A
Solution: Esteem covers recognition, respect, and appreciation.
Q5. Herzberg’s hygiene factor in mining includes:
A. Recognition
B. Responsibility
C. Salary
D. Achievement
E. Growth
Answer: C
Solution: Hygiene factors are extrinsic like pay, safety, supervision.
Q6. Which is a motivator according to Herzberg?
A. Safe working conditions
B. Supervision quality
C. Recognition
D. Salary
E. Company policy
Answer: C
Solution: Motivators include recognition, responsibility, achievement.
Q7. Salary increase for miners is mainly a:
A. Motivator
B. Hygiene factor
C. Self-actualization
D. Theory Y factor
E. Esteem factor
Answer: B
Solution: Salary is a hygiene factor; prevents dissatisfaction, not strong motivator.
Q8. Which of the following best represents self-actualization in mining?
A. Overtime wages
B. Promotion to manager
C. Recognition award
D. Becoming innovative leader
E. Canteen facilities
Answer: D
Solution: Self-actualization = reaching full potential, innovation, leadership.
Q9. Accident-free mines under DGMS compliance represent:
A. Esteem
B. Safety
C. Motivator
D. Theory Y
E. Growth
Answer: B
Solution: Safe workplace satisfies safety needs.
Q10. Theory X assumes miners are:
A. Self-motivated
B. Lazy and avoid responsibility
C. Innovative
D. Leadership-oriented
E. Motivated by growth
Answer: B
Solution: Theory X = negative view of workers, need strict control.
Q11. Theory Y assumes miners are:
A. Avoid responsibility
B. Lazy by nature
C. Motivated by self-control
D. Opposed to work
E. Dependent on supervision
Answer: C
Solution: Theory Y believes workers are self-motivated and capable of self-direction.
Q12. “Promotion and career growth” satisfies which Maslow need?
A. Safety
B. Physiological
C. Esteem
D. Self-actualization
E. Social
Answer: D
Solution: Growth & advancement → self-actualization.
Q13. Which Herzberg factor directly motivates miners?
A. Canteen food
B. Achievement
C. Salary
D. Company policy
E. Shelter facilities
Answer: B
Solution: Motivators include achievement and recognition.
Q14. DGMS regulations ensuring safe mining conditions are an example of:
A. Motivator
B. Hygiene
C. Self-actualization
D. Esteem
E. Theory Y
Answer: B
Solution: Safety rules & working conditions = hygiene factor.
Q15. “Team bonding in underground shift” represents:
A. Esteem
B. Social
C. Hygiene
D. Motivator
E. Theory X
Answer: B
Solution: Belongingness and friendship = social needs.
Q16. A miner innovating a new blasting method is achieving:
A. Esteem
B. Self-actualization
C. Safety
D. Hygiene
E. Physiological
Answer: B
Solution: Innovation = highest need, self-actualization.
Q17. Herzberg suggests dissatisfaction arises mainly due to:
A. Lack of recognition
B. Poor hygiene factors
C. Low achievement
D. Absence of motivators
E. Theory X approach
Answer: B
Solution: Poor hygiene (low salary, unsafe conditions) causes dissatisfaction.
Q18. Theory Y manager in mining will:
A. Supervise strictly
B. Punish frequently
C. Encourage participation
D. Avoid worker involvement
E. Focus on penalties
Answer: C
Solution: Theory Y emphasizes participation and trust.
Q19. Which is not part of Maslow’s hierarchy?
A. Physiological
B. Esteem
C. Hygiene
D. Safety
E. Self-actualization
Answer: C
Solution: Hygiene belongs to Herzberg, not Maslow.
Q20. Motivation to achieve safe production record is:
A. Esteem
B. Physiological
C. Hygiene
D. Safety
E. Theory X
Answer: A
Solution: Recognition of safe work = esteem.
Q21. Company-provided PPE (helmets, boots) fulfills:
A. Esteem
B. Social
C. Safety
D. Self-actualization
E. Hygiene
Answer: C
Solution: PPE ensures safety need.
Q22. Theory X style of management is most suitable in:
A. Highly skilled miners
B. Autonomous planning teams
C. Safety-critical blasting jobs
D. Motivated workforce
E. R&D mine planning
Answer: C
Solution: Strict control needed in safety-critical work.
Q23. Which motivator enhances miner’s satisfaction?
A. Salary
B. Recognition
C. Canteen facilities
D. Rest shelters
E. PPE
Answer: B
Solution: Recognition is intrinsic motivator.
Q24. Self-actualization in miners is encouraged by:
A. Strong discipline
B. Strict DGMS laws
C. Skill development & leadership
D. High wages only
E. Social gatherings
Answer: C
Solution: Growth & leadership drive self-actualization.
Q25. Herzberg’s theory is also called:
A. Expectancy theory
B. ERG theory
C. Hygiene-Motivation theory
D. Goal-setting theory
E. Reinforcement theory
Answer: C
Solution: Herzberg’s model is Two-Factor (Hygiene-Motivation).
- Maslow’s hierarchy (physiological → safety → social → esteem → self-actualization) can be applied to mining:
- Physiological: wages, canteen facilities, rest shelters.
- Safety: accident-free workplace, proper PPE, DGMS-compliant environment.
- Social: teamwork among miners, unions, welfare clubs.
- Esteem: recognition for safe production, promotions, awards.
- Self-Actualization: leadership roles, innovation in mining methods.
Herzberg’s Two-Factor Theory
- Hygiene Factors (prevent dissatisfaction): salary, safety laws, working conditions, supervision.
- Motivators (create satisfaction): responsibility, recognition, growth opportunities, challenging jobs.
- In mining, hygiene = CMR/MMR compliance, motivators = training, skill upgradation.
McGregor’s Theory X & Y
- Theory X (authoritative style): Assumes miners are lazy → needs strict supervision.
- Theory Y (participative style): Assumes miners are self-motivated → encourages involvement in decision making.
- Mining managers must balance X & Y depending on situation (e.g., strict control in safety-critical jobs, freedom in skill-based planning).
Q1. According to Maslow, which need is most basic for miners?
A. Esteem
B. Self-actualization
C. Safety
D. Physiological
E. Social
Answer: D
Solution: Basic survival needs like food, water, and rest are physiological.
Q2. In Maslow’s theory, “accident-free workplace” in mining satisfies:
A. Social needs
B. Safety needs
C. Esteem needs
D. Physiological needs
E. Motivational needs
Answer: B
Solution: Safety needs cover accident prevention and secure environment.
Q3. Welfare clubs and union support for miners represent:
A. Esteem
B. Social
C. Hygiene
D. Self-actualization
E. Physiological
Answer: B
Solution: Belongingness and social interaction fall under social needs.
Q4. Recognition of safe production achievement is part of:
A. Esteem needs
B. Physiological needs
C. Hygiene factors
D. Safety needs
E. Theory X
Answer: A
Solution: Esteem covers recognition, respect, and appreciation.
Q5. Herzberg’s hygiene factor in mining includes:
A. Recognition
B. Responsibility
C. Salary
D. Achievement
E. Growth
Answer: C
Solution: Hygiene factors are extrinsic like pay, safety, supervision.
Q6. Which is a motivator according to Herzberg?
A. Safe working conditions
B. Supervision quality
C. Recognition
D. Salary
E. Company policy
Answer: C
Solution: Motivators include recognition, responsibility, achievement.
Q7. Salary increase for miners is mainly a:
A. Motivator
B. Hygiene factor
C. Self-actualization
D. Theory Y factor
E. Esteem factor
Answer: B
Solution: Salary is a hygiene factor; prevents dissatisfaction, not strong motivator.
Q8. Which of the following best represents self-actualization in mining?
A. Overtime wages
B. Promotion to manager
C. Recognition award
D. Becoming innovative leader
E. Canteen facilities
Answer: D
Solution: Self-actualization = reaching full potential, innovation, leadership.
Q9. Accident-free mines under DGMS compliance represent:
A. Esteem
B. Safety
C. Motivator
D. Theory Y
E. Growth
Answer: B
Solution: Safe workplace satisfies safety needs.
Q10. Theory X assumes miners are:
A. Self-motivated
B. Lazy and avoid responsibility
C. Innovative
D. Leadership-oriented
E. Motivated by growth
Answer: B
Solution: Theory X = negative view of workers, need strict control.
Q11. Theory Y assumes miners are:
A. Avoid responsibility
B. Lazy by nature
C. Motivated by self-control
D. Opposed to work
E. Dependent on supervision
Answer: C
Solution: Theory Y believes workers are self-motivated and capable of self-direction.
Q12. “Promotion and career growth” satisfies which Maslow need?
A. Safety
B. Physiological
C. Esteem
D. Self-actualization
E. Social
Answer: D
Solution: Growth & advancement → self-actualization.
Q13. Which Herzberg factor directly motivates miners?
A. Canteen food
B. Achievement
C. Salary
D. Company policy
E. Shelter facilities
Answer: B
Solution: Motivators include achievement and recognition.
Q14. DGMS regulations ensuring safe mining conditions are an example of:
A. Motivator
B. Hygiene
C. Self-actualization
D. Esteem
E. Theory Y
Answer: B
Solution: Safety rules & working conditions = hygiene factor.
Q15. “Team bonding in underground shift” represents:
A. Esteem
B. Social
C. Hygiene
D. Motivator
E. Theory X
Answer: B
Solution: Belongingness and friendship = social needs.
Q16. A miner innovating a new blasting method is achieving:
A. Esteem
B. Self-actualization
C. Safety
D. Hygiene
E. Physiological
Answer: B
Solution: Innovation = highest need, self-actualization.
Q17. Herzberg suggests dissatisfaction arises mainly due to:
A. Lack of recognition
B. Poor hygiene factors
C. Low achievement
D. Absence of motivators
E. Theory X approach
Answer: B
Solution: Poor hygiene (low salary, unsafe conditions) causes dissatisfaction.
Q18. Theory Y manager in mining will:
A. Supervise strictly
B. Punish frequently
C. Encourage participation
D. Avoid worker involvement
E. Focus on penalties
Answer: C
Solution: Theory Y emphasizes participation and trust.
Q19. Which is not part of Maslow’s hierarchy?
A. Physiological
B. Esteem
C. Hygiene
D. Safety
E. Self-actualization
Answer: C
Solution: Hygiene belongs to Herzberg, not Maslow.
Q20. Motivation to achieve safe production record is:
A. Esteem
B. Physiological
C. Hygiene
D. Safety
E. Theory X
Answer: A
Solution: Recognition of safe work = esteem.
Q21. Company-provided PPE (helmets, boots) fulfills:
A. Esteem
B. Social
C. Safety
D. Self-actualization
E. Hygiene
Answer: C
Solution: PPE ensures safety need.
Q22. Theory X style of management is most suitable in:
A. Highly skilled miners
B. Autonomous planning teams
C. Safety-critical blasting jobs
D. Motivated workforce
E. R&D mine planning
Answer: C
Solution: Strict control needed in safety-critical work.
Q23. Which motivator enhances miner’s satisfaction?
A. Salary
B. Recognition
C. Canteen facilities
D. Rest shelters
E. PPE
Answer: B
Solution: Recognition is intrinsic motivator.
Q24. Self-actualization in miners is encouraged by:
A. Strong discipline
B. Strict DGMS laws
C. Skill development & leadership
D. High wages only
E. Social gatherings
Answer: C
Solution: Growth & leadership drive self-actualization.
Q25. Herzberg’s theory is also called:
A. Expectancy theory
B. ERG theory
C. Hygiene-Motivation theory
D. Goal-setting theory
E. Reinforcement theory
Answer: C
Solution: Herzberg’s model is Two-Factor (Hygiene-Motivation).
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